PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.